The past.participle(过去分词)
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过分词短语。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ed”但也可以有不规则的形式。它在句中.可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
1.作定语:作定语的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰词的前面:过去分词短语作定语.则放在被修饰词的后面。eg:
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有许多落叶。
This is a book written by a peasant.这是一本农民写的书。
2.作表语:过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处时状态。eg:
I was pleased at the news.听了这消息我很高兴。
The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。
过去分词作表语.相当于形容词.最常见的有:delighted.disappointeddiscouraged.
drunk.astonished.hurt.interested.crowded.tired.satisfied.surprised.worried,excit ed.married.puzzled,upset等。
过去分词作表语时.应注意与被动结构的区别。
系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点:被动结构强调谓语动作.指主语所承受的动作。此外还有:
系表结构:a.常用一般现在时或一般过去时.b.一般不带状语.c.可以有不及物动词的过去分词。
被动结构:a.有多种时态.常与主动语态的时态一致Ib.可以带时间、方式或by短语作状语.c.必须是及物动词。eg:The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态)这个小村庄四周都是树。
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作)这个小村庄很快就被敌军包围了。
Im interested in sports.(状态)我对运动感兴趣。
I was interested by what you told me.(动作)我对你告诉我的东西有兴趣。
The sun is risen.(状态)太阳升起了。
This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921.(动作)鲁迅于1921年写成了这篇小说。
3.作状语:过去分词短语常用作状语,修饰谓语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语大多数放在句子前部(主语前面),也有少数可以放在句子后部(谓语后面),或者插在中间(主语后面)。(1)表示原因eg:Inspired by her example,the League members worked even harder.
在她的榜样鼓舞下。共青团员们干得更起劲了。(2)表示时间eg:
Once published,this dictionary will be very popular!
一旦出版.这本字典将会非常受欢迎。
(3)表示假设,相当于一个条件状语从句eg:
United.we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存,分裂则亡。
(4)表示让步eg:
Beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.虽然被对方打败,但队员们没有泄气,更加刻苦训练。
(5)表示伴随(这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替)eg:He came back,very tired.他回来时,很疲惫。
The woman scientist entered the lab,followed by her assistant.那位女科学家走进实验室,后面跟着她的助手。
考题1 (典型例题分) They now have a good government,__ by all the people.
A. having supported B. supporting C. supported D. to be supported
考题2 (典型例题) in thought, he almost ran into the tree in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
考题3 (典型例题分) -You've done a good job.
---Thanks. But more time. I could have done it better.
A. giving B. to give C. to be given D. given
考题1点拨:答案为C。supported by aIl the people是过去分词作定语,修饰government。表被动。
考题2点拨:答案为c。be lost in thought表示“陷入沉思”。不表被动而表示主语所处的状态。
考题3点拨:答案为D。主句中的主语I与give之间是被动关系,用given more time这个过去分词作状语。表示虚拟的条件。
汉寿复习备考